{"id":1106,"date":"2023-05-02T12:29:24","date_gmt":"2023-05-02T10:29:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jcee.wsgk.com.pl\/?page_id=1106"},"modified":"2023-05-02T12:32:11","modified_gmt":"2023-05-02T10:32:11","slug":"restricting-freedom-of-information-online-in-ukraine-within-the-russian-ukrainian-hybrid-war","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/jcee.wsgk.com.pl\/?page_id=1106","title":{"rendered":"Restricting freedom of information online in Ukraine within the russian-ukrainian hybrid war."},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>AUTHOR:<\/strong><br><em>Pavlo Burdiak<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ABSTRACT:<\/strong><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Summary. The article\u2019s goal is to examine the Law of Ukraine \u201cOn Sanctions\u201d and provide an international law assessment of its application as an instrument for blocking (pro)Russian websites in Ukraine in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian hybrid war. To accomplish the stated goal, two objectives are outlined. Firstly, to investigate the implementation of the Law \u201cOn Sanctions\u201d for restricting access to (pro)Russian websites in the Ukrainian segment of the Internet. Secondly, to analyze the Law \u201cOn Sanctions\u201d through the prism of three internationally accepted UN- and CoE-based criteria of permissible freedom of information limitations \u2013 legality, legitimacy, and necessity.<br>The article found that since 2017, the Law \u201cOn Sanctions\u201d has been employed for wholesale blocking of (pro)Russian websites originating from Russia, Crimea, ORDLO, and Ukraine controlled territory. These websites have been blocked either temporarily or permanently by im- posing sanctions on the associated legal and natural persons. Furthermore, it was determined that the wholesale blocking of (pro)Russian websites by applying the Law \u201cOn Sanctions\u201d arguably violates the international standards, because only one of the three required criteria of permissible freedom of information limitations has been met. The blocking fulfills the legitimacy criterion, but fails to satisfy the criteria of legality and necessity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DOWNLOAD FULL ARTICLE:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-thumbnail\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jcee.wsgk.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/archive_2021\/Burdiak P. 16-2021.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/jcee.wsgk.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/vector-pdf-icon-symbol-sign-150x150.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-788\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jcee.wsgk.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/vector-pdf-icon-symbol-sign-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/jcee.wsgk.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/vector-pdf-icon-symbol-sign-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/jcee.wsgk.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/vector-pdf-icon-symbol-sign-1024x1024.webp 1024w, https:\/\/jcee.wsgk.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/vector-pdf-icon-symbol-sign-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/jcee.wsgk.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/vector-pdf-icon-symbol-sign-1536x1536.webp 1536w, https:\/\/jcee.wsgk.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/vector-pdf-icon-symbol-sign-2048x2048.webp 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>AUTHOR:Pavlo Burdiak ABSTRACT: Summary. The article\u2019s goal is to examine the Law of Ukraine \u201cOn Sanctions\u201d and provide an international law assessment of its application as an instrument for blocking (pro)Russian websites in Ukraine in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian hybrid war.<\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a class=\"myButt \" href=\"https:\/\/jcee.wsgk.com.pl\/?page_id=1106\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1106","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jcee.wsgk.com.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1106"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jcee.wsgk.com.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jcee.wsgk.com.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jcee.wsgk.com.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jcee.wsgk.com.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1106"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/jcee.wsgk.com.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1106\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1110,"href":"https:\/\/jcee.wsgk.com.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1106\/revisions\/1110"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jcee.wsgk.com.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1106"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}